Principles and Practice of Management (PPM)

1. Planning:

Deciding in advance what to do, when, how, and by whom

Involves goal setting, strategy formation, and outlining tasks

2. Organizing:

Arranging resources to implement the plan

Involves creating a structure of roles and responsibilities

3. Staffing:

Recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees

Ensures the right person is in the right job

4. Directing (Leading):

Guiding and motivating employees to achieve goals

Includes supervision, communication, leadership, and motivation

5. Controlling:

Monitoring and evaluating performance against standards

Taking corrective actions where needed